Lorraine O’Grady, an artist who bravely used her conceptual pieces and performance art to critique systems of power, incisively underlining the ways that class, race, and gender influence one another, died at her home in New York on Friday.
Her death was announced by a trust in her name; its announcement did not specify a cause.
O’Grady developed a loyal following for artworks that often proved unclassifiable. She produced photographs, collages, and performances, and wrote frequently, on topics ranging from her own work to Édouard Manet’s Olympia, from feminism to Surrealism, from rock music to her own biography. Across much of her work, she dedicated herself to prioritizing the perspectives of Black women.
Her art critiqued racism, misogyny, and privilege, but it did so using methods that were ambiguous and occasionally even tough to interpret. She spoke frequently of wanting to use what she called “both/and thinking” that stood against Western systems, which she wrote are “continuously birthing supremacies from the intimate to the political, of which white supremacy may be only the most all-inclusive.”
O’Grady’s defining artworks are the performances she did during the early ’80s in which she took up a character called Mlle Bourgeoise Noire, a vampy pageant queen who wore a sash bearing her name and brought with her a cat-o’-nine-tails. Without invitation and performing in character, O’Grady arrived at New York gallery openings, where she whipped herself and read aloud a brief statement. It culminated in an abrasive diagnosis of the cultural scene: “Black Art Must Take More Risks!” Few could accuse O’Grady of failing to fulfill her own directive.