There’s something dystopian about a tech company cofounder standing on stage and criticizing humans for being slow, expensive, and outdated in authenticating art. Why send a painting to some crusty old art expert’s laboratory for subjective analysis when “objective” artificial intelligence can do the job faster and more cheaply using just photos?
That was the question posed by Carina Popovici, CEO and cofounder of Art Recognition, a Swiss firm that uses AI to authenticate art, during a TEDxNuremberg talk in early 2022. The moment recalled the 1987 sci-fi blockbuster Robocop, specifically, the scene where an executive of evil mega-corporation OmniCorp unveils its latest police robot to a wide-eyed boardroom. Triumphantly, he tells the room that they need a cop “who doesn’t eat or sleep.” The robot stomps in before malfunctioning and pumping a suited board member full of hot lead. Art Recognition may be not OmniCorp—and Popovici nothing like her fictional corporate counterpart—but the company and art authentication outfits like it are similarly banking on technology to “clean up” the art market of fakes and forgeries. They’re also planning to do it with unprecedented efficiency and automation.
If you used a human “you would have to pack your painting, ship it off to a different country for appraisal … then you would have to wait for some months, or sometimes even years, for an answer,” Popovici said, with apparent disdain, as she live-demonstrated Art Recognition’s tech. “Our program needs about three days to learn the characteristics from around 700 training images, and less than five minutes to calculate the probability of the authenticity of an artwork.”
Art Recognition is far from the only company leveraging AI for art authentication, which has become one of the most popular use cases for the technology in the art world.
Hephaestus Analytical is a London-based tech company that integrates AI analysis and machine learning trained from sampled data sets, alongside scientific tests, provenance research, and “connoisseurly expertise to analyze works. It is focused on arguably the “dirtiest” corner of the market, the Russian avant-garde, which also includes modernism that flourished in other Soviet nations during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Denis Moiseev, the founder and CEO of Hephaestus, told ARTnews that more than 95 percent of the Russian avant-garde paintings brought to him are fake. (One London-based dealer specializing in Ukrainian modernist artists, James Butterwick, told ARTnews something similar, claiming that as much as 95 percent—“in fact, probably more”—of the paintings offered him are not authentic.) Hephaestus claims its system produces “the most conclusive authenticity results.”